Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is among the most important complications of diabetes. Development ranges from early stages to end-stage chronic renal failure, requiring entrance into a renal replacement therapy program.
Objectives: To identify and synthesise the scientific evidence on renal replacement therapy in diabetic patients.
Methodology: An integrative review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the PubMed and Scielo databases. The search strategy was established with the following MeSH terms: ‘’Diabetes Mellitus’’, ‘’Renal Dialysis’’, ‘’Hemodialysis’’, ‘’Kidney diseases’’, ‘’Renal replacement therapy’’, ‘’Kidney treatment’’, ‘’Diabetic foot’’.
Results: Twenty-two articles were selected. Among which 17 were systematic reviews, 1 clinical practice guideline, 1 cross-sectional descriptive study, 1 analytical observational study, and 2 book chapters. The following variables emerged from the review: type of diabetes, age, evolution, type of renal replacement therapy, diabetic foot and prevention.
Conclusions: A great heterogeneity in the evolution of diabetic nephropathy is observed. Determining renal replacement therapy for diabetic patients is therefore a challenge. Management of the diabetic foot, as the main complication in such patients, focuses on prevention, supported by good education. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is increasing, thus an improvement in the disease prevention strategy could change the progression of the disease.
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References
- Ammirati AL. Chronic kidney disease. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2020;66 (Suppl 1):S3–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s1.3
- Flores J, Alvo M, Borja H, Morales J, Vega J, Zúñiga C et al. Enfermedad renal crónica: clasificación, identificación, manejo y complicaciones. Rvdo medicina Chile 2009;137:137-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872009000100026
- Oliveira C, Pereira PML, Soares IT, Monteiro MG, Bastos MG, Cândido APC. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Under Conservative Treatment. Int J Cardiovasc Sci 2020;34:170-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20190195
- Aldrete JA, Chiquete E, Rodríguez JA, Rincón R, Correa R, García R et al. Mortalidad por enfermedad renal crónica y su relación con la diabetes en México. Medicina Méx interno 2018;34:536-50.
- Radcliffe NJ, Seah JM, Clarke M, MacIsaac RJ, Jerums G, Ekinci EI. Clinical predictive factors in diabetic kidney disease progression. J Diabetes Investig 2017;8:6-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12533
- Magliano D, Boyko E. Atlas de diabetes de la FID [Internet]. Diabetesatlas.org. 2021 [consultado 22 mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/.
- Magee C, Grieve DJ, Watson CJ, Brazil DP. Diabetic Nephropathy: a Tangled Web to Unweave. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017;31:579-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-017-6755-9
- Alalaui F, Bashier A. Management of diabetes mellitus in dialysis patients: Obstacles and challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021;15:1025-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.007
- Mahillo B. Registro Español de Enfermos Renales. Senefro.org. 2020 [consultado 24 Mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.senefro.org/contents/webstructure/MEMORIA_REER_2020_PR ELIMINAR.pdf.
- Boyano I, Tabernero G. Factores de riesgo y progresión a tratamiento renal sustitutivo de la nefropatía diabética. Nefroplus. Elsevier.es. 2019 [consultado 22 Mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-nefroplus-485-resumen-factores-riesgo-progresion-tratamiento-renal-X1888970019003260.
- Klinger M, Madziarska K. Mortality predictor pattern in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in diabetic patients. Adv Clin Exp Med 2019;28:133-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/76751
- Lim JZ, Ng NS, Thomas C. Prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J R Soc Med 2017;110:104-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816688346
- Ramirez C, Perdomo A, Rodríguez M. Conhecimentos e práticas para a prevenção do pé diabético. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 2019;40:e20180161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180161
- Marn A, Peršič V, Usvyat L, Saunders L, Rogus J, Maddux FW, Lacson E Jr, Kotanko P. Implementation of routine foot check in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis: associations with outcomes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016;4:e000158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000158
- Hutton B, Catalá F, Moher D. La extensión de la declaración PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas que incorporan metaanálisis en red: PRISMA-NMA. Med Clin (Barc) [Internet] 2016; [consultado 28 Mar 2022] 147:262-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2016.02.025
- Vandenbroucke JP, Von Elm E, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ, et al. Mejorar la comunicación de estudios observacionales en epidemiología (STROBE): explicación y elaboración. Gac Sanit 2009;23:1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2008.12.001
- Cabello, J.B. por CASPe. Plantilla para ayudarte a entender una Revisión Sistemática. En: CASPe. Guías CASPe de Lectura Crítica de la Literatura Médica. Alicante: CASPe; 2005. Cuaderno I. p. 13-7. [consultado 24 Mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://redcaspe.org.
- Sulaiman MK. Diabetic nephropathy: recent advances in pathophysiology and challenges in dietary management. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019;11:7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0403-4
- Pavkov ME, Collins AJ, Coresh J, Nelson RG. Kidney Disease in Diabetes. In: Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cissell MA, Eberhardt MS, Meigs JB, et al (editors). Diabetes in America. 3rd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US); 2018. Chapter 22.
- Samsu N. Diabetic Nephropathy: Challenges in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Biomed Res Int 2021:1497449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1497449
- Pugliese G, Penno G, Natali A, Barutta F, Di Paolo S, Reboldi G, Gesualdo L, De Nicola L. Diabetic kidney disease: new clinical and therapeutic issues. Joint position statement of the Italian Diabetes Society and the Italian Society of Nephrology on “The natural history of diabetic kidney disease and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function”. J Nephrol 2020;33:9-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-019-00650-x
- Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Challenges, Progress, and Possibilities. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;12:2032-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11491116
- Kim, Mi-Kyung. Treatment of diabetic kidney disease: Current and future targets. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2017;32:622-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.219
- Varghese RT, Jialal I. Diabetic Nephropathy. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 [consultado 18 Oct 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534200/.
- Van Netten JJ, Lazzarini PA, Armstrong DG, Bus SA, Fitridge R, Harding K, Kinnear E, Malone M, Menz HB, Perrin BM, Postema K, Prentice J, Schott KH, Wraight PR. Diabetic Foot Australia guideline on footwear for people with diabetes. J Foot Ankle Res 2018;11:2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-017-0244-z
- Nather A, Cao S, Chen JLW, Low AY. Prevention of diabetic foot complications. Singapore Med J 2018;59:291-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2018069
- Pérez-Panero AJ, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Gónzalez-Sánchez M. Prevention, assessment, diagnosis and management of diabetic foot based on clinical practice guide- lines. Medicine 2019;98(35):e16877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016877
- Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T, Ji G. New progress in drugs treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;141:111918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111918
- Umanath K, Lewis JB. Update on Diabetic Nephropathy: Core Curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis 2018;71(6):884-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.10.026
- McGrath K, Edi R. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Am Fam Physician 2019;99:751-9.
- Kourtidou C, Stangou M, Marinaki S, Tziomalos K. Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:11196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011196
- Lin YC, Chang YH, Yang SY, Wu KD, Chu TS. Update of pathophysiology and management of diabetic kidney disease. J Formos Med Assoc 2018;117:662-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.02.007
- Thipsawat S. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of the literature. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021;18:14791641211058856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14791641211058856
- Beltrán S, Górriz JL, Pallardó LM. Hemodiálisis en pacientes con diabetes: indicaciones, ventajas y posibles complicaciones. Av Diabetol 2010;26:248-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1134-3230(10)64006-9
References
Ammirati AL. Chronic kidney disease. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2020;66 (Suppl 1):S3–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s1.3
Flores J, Alvo M, Borja H, Morales J, Vega J, Zúñiga C et al. Enfermedad renal crónica: clasificación, identificación, manejo y complicaciones. Rvdo medicina Chile 2009;137:137-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872009000100026
Oliveira C, Pereira PML, Soares IT, Monteiro MG, Bastos MG, Cândido APC. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Under Conservative Treatment. Int J Cardiovasc Sci 2020;34:170-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20190195
Aldrete JA, Chiquete E, Rodríguez JA, Rincón R, Correa R, García R et al. Mortalidad por enfermedad renal crónica y su relación con la diabetes en México. Medicina Méx interno 2018;34:536-50.
Radcliffe NJ, Seah JM, Clarke M, MacIsaac RJ, Jerums G, Ekinci EI. Clinical predictive factors in diabetic kidney disease progression. J Diabetes Investig 2017;8:6-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12533
Magliano D, Boyko E. Atlas de diabetes de la FID [Internet]. Diabetesatlas.org. 2021 [consultado 22 mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/.
Magee C, Grieve DJ, Watson CJ, Brazil DP. Diabetic Nephropathy: a Tangled Web to Unweave. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017;31:579-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-017-6755-9
Alalaui F, Bashier A. Management of diabetes mellitus in dialysis patients: Obstacles and challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021;15:1025-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.007
Mahillo B. Registro Español de Enfermos Renales. Senefro.org. 2020 [consultado 24 Mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.senefro.org/contents/webstructure/MEMORIA_REER_2020_PR ELIMINAR.pdf.
Boyano I, Tabernero G. Factores de riesgo y progresión a tratamiento renal sustitutivo de la nefropatía diabética. Nefroplus. Elsevier.es. 2019 [consultado 22 Mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-nefroplus-485-resumen-factores-riesgo-progresion-tratamiento-renal-X1888970019003260.
Klinger M, Madziarska K. Mortality predictor pattern in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in diabetic patients. Adv Clin Exp Med 2019;28:133-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/76751
Lim JZ, Ng NS, Thomas C. Prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J R Soc Med 2017;110:104-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816688346
Ramirez C, Perdomo A, Rodríguez M. Conhecimentos e práticas para a prevenção do pé diabético. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 2019;40:e20180161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180161
Marn A, Peršič V, Usvyat L, Saunders L, Rogus J, Maddux FW, Lacson E Jr, Kotanko P. Implementation of routine foot check in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis: associations with outcomes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016;4:e000158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000158
Hutton B, Catalá F, Moher D. La extensión de la declaración PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas que incorporan metaanálisis en red: PRISMA-NMA. Med Clin (Barc) [Internet] 2016; [consultado 28 Mar 2022] 147:262-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2016.02.025
Vandenbroucke JP, Von Elm E, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ, et al. Mejorar la comunicación de estudios observacionales en epidemiología (STROBE): explicación y elaboración. Gac Sanit 2009;23:1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2008.12.001
Cabello, J.B. por CASPe. Plantilla para ayudarte a entender una Revisión Sistemática. En: CASPe. Guías CASPe de Lectura Crítica de la Literatura Médica. Alicante: CASPe; 2005. Cuaderno I. p. 13-7. [consultado 24 Mar 2022]. Disponible en: https://redcaspe.org.
Sulaiman MK. Diabetic nephropathy: recent advances in pathophysiology and challenges in dietary management. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019;11:7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0403-4
Pavkov ME, Collins AJ, Coresh J, Nelson RG. Kidney Disease in Diabetes. In: Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cissell MA, Eberhardt MS, Meigs JB, et al (editors). Diabetes in America. 3rd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US); 2018. Chapter 22.
Samsu N. Diabetic Nephropathy: Challenges in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Biomed Res Int 2021:1497449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1497449
Pugliese G, Penno G, Natali A, Barutta F, Di Paolo S, Reboldi G, Gesualdo L, De Nicola L. Diabetic kidney disease: new clinical and therapeutic issues. Joint position statement of the Italian Diabetes Society and the Italian Society of Nephrology on “The natural history of diabetic kidney disease and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function”. J Nephrol 2020;33:9-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-019-00650-x
Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Challenges, Progress, and Possibilities. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;12:2032-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11491116
Kim, Mi-Kyung. Treatment of diabetic kidney disease: Current and future targets. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2017;32:622-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.219
Varghese RT, Jialal I. Diabetic Nephropathy. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 [consultado 18 Oct 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534200/.
Van Netten JJ, Lazzarini PA, Armstrong DG, Bus SA, Fitridge R, Harding K, Kinnear E, Malone M, Menz HB, Perrin BM, Postema K, Prentice J, Schott KH, Wraight PR. Diabetic Foot Australia guideline on footwear for people with diabetes. J Foot Ankle Res 2018;11:2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-017-0244-z
Nather A, Cao S, Chen JLW, Low AY. Prevention of diabetic foot complications. Singapore Med J 2018;59:291-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2018069
Pérez-Panero AJ, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Gónzalez-Sánchez M. Prevention, assessment, diagnosis and management of diabetic foot based on clinical practice guide- lines. Medicine 2019;98(35):e16877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016877
Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T, Ji G. New progress in drugs treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;141:111918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111918
Umanath K, Lewis JB. Update on Diabetic Nephropathy: Core Curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis 2018;71(6):884-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.10.026
McGrath K, Edi R. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Am Fam Physician 2019;99:751-9.
Kourtidou C, Stangou M, Marinaki S, Tziomalos K. Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:11196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011196
Lin YC, Chang YH, Yang SY, Wu KD, Chu TS. Update of pathophysiology and management of diabetic kidney disease. J Formos Med Assoc 2018;117:662-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.02.007
Thipsawat S. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of the literature. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021;18:14791641211058856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14791641211058856
Beltrán S, Górriz JL, Pallardó LM. Hemodiálisis en pacientes con diabetes: indicaciones, ventajas y posibles complicaciones. Av Diabetol 2010;26:248-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1134-3230(10)64006-9