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Abstract
Introduction: Muscle relaxation is considered as an alternative therapy for restless legs syndrome (RLS).
Objective: To determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on restless legs syndrome in
patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methodology: This study was conducted using the quasiexperimental design in the unit hemodialysis. The sample recruited was 12 respondents in both intervention and control group using convenience sampling. The research instrument used the International RLS Study Group Scale.
Results: The average score of RLS before and after PMR in the intervention group was 22.92 and 17.42,
respectively. In the control group, the mean score of RLS before and after intervention was 24.33 and
23.50, respectively. PMR was effective to improve RLS (p<0.005).
Conclusion: PMR could be an alternative to reduce RLS in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Future studies are needed to clarify the findings using more robust methods and large sample size.
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References
- Smart N, Stelee M. Exercise training in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrology. 2011;16:626-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01471.x
- Long A. In: Other movement disorders. 24 ed. Goldman LSA, editor. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 2011.
- Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation. Causes diagnosis and treatment. 2018. Available from: http://www.rls.org.
- Clemens S, Rye D, Hochman S. Restless legs syndrome: revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord perspective. Neurology. 2006;67(1): 125-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000223316.53428.c9
- Abeera M, Syed Rizwan A, B. Restless Leg Syndrome. Bookshelf ID: NBK430878 PMID: 28613628. StatPearls Publishing LLC. 2008. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430878/.
- Giannaki CD, Zigoulis P, Karatzaferi C. Periodic limb movements in sleep contribute to futher cardiac structure abnormalities in hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9:147-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.2412
- Kushida C, Martin M, Nikam P, Blaisdell B, Wallenstein G, Ferini- Strambi L, et al. Burden of restless legs syndrome on health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(4):617-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-9142-8
- Sakkas GK, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Karatzaferi C, Maridaki MD, Giannaki CD, Mertens PR, et al. Intradialytic aerobic exercise training ame- liorates symptoms of restless legs syndrome and improves functional capacity in patients on hemodialysis: a pilot study. ASAIO J. 2008;54(2):185-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181641b07
- Molnar MZ, Novak M, Mucsi I. Management of Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients on Dialysis. Drugs. 2006;66:607-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200666050-00003
- Luberto CM, Hall DL, Park ER, Haramati A, Cotton S. A Perspective on the Similarities and Differences Between Mindfulness and Relaxation. Glob Adv Health Med. 2020 5;9:2164956120905597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2164956120905597
- Jacobson, E. Progressive relaxation. Chicago: Chicago University Pres. 1938.
- Miltenberger RG. Behavior Modification Principles and Procedures (4th ed.). Australia: Thompson Wadsworth. 2008.
- Melo-Dias C, Lopes RC, Cardoso D, Bobrowicz-Campos E, Apóstolo J. Schizophrenia and Progressive Muscle Relaxation - A systematic review of effectiveness. Heliyon.2019;5(4): e01484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01484
- Butcher HK, Bulechek GM, Dochterman JM, Wagner CM. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (7th ed.). St. Louis: MO: Elsevier. 2018.
- Haseena TA, Sreelekshmi J. Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on quality of sleep among patients undergoing hemodialysis. GJRA. 2015; 4(2).
- The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (Arthur S. Walters MD – Group Organizer and Correspondent), Towards a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 1995;10: 634-42.
- Manzoni GM, Pagnini F, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. Relaxation training for anxiety: a ten-years systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry [Internet] 2008; 8:41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-41
- Smeltzer, S.C & Bare, B.G. Buku ajar Keperawatan Medikal Bedah. Jakarta: EGC. 2013.
- Beladi-Mousavi SS, Jafarizade M, Shayanpour S, Bahadoram M, Moosavian SM, Houshmand G. Restless Legs Syndrome: Associated Risk Factors in Hemodialysis Patients. Nephrourol Mon. 2015 Nov 29;7(6):e31967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/numonthly.31967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/numonthly.31967
- Mousavi M, Soleimani M A, Akrami R, Tadayonfar M. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the severity of restless leg syndrome in patients under treatment with hemodialysis. Hayat. 2016. 106
References
Smart N, Stelee M. Exercise training in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrology. 2011;16:626-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01471.x
Long A. In: Other movement disorders. 24 ed. Goldman LSA, editor. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 2011.
Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation. Causes diagnosis and treatment. 2018. Available from: http://www.rls.org.
Clemens S, Rye D, Hochman S. Restless legs syndrome: revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord perspective. Neurology. 2006;67(1): 125-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000223316.53428.c9
Abeera M, Syed Rizwan A, B. Restless Leg Syndrome. Bookshelf ID: NBK430878 PMID: 28613628. StatPearls Publishing LLC. 2008. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430878/.
Giannaki CD, Zigoulis P, Karatzaferi C. Periodic limb movements in sleep contribute to futher cardiac structure abnormalities in hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9:147-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.2412
Kushida C, Martin M, Nikam P, Blaisdell B, Wallenstein G, Ferini- Strambi L, et al. Burden of restless legs syndrome on health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(4):617-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-9142-8
Sakkas GK, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Karatzaferi C, Maridaki MD, Giannaki CD, Mertens PR, et al. Intradialytic aerobic exercise training ame- liorates symptoms of restless legs syndrome and improves functional capacity in patients on hemodialysis: a pilot study. ASAIO J. 2008;54(2):185-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181641b07
Molnar MZ, Novak M, Mucsi I. Management of Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients on Dialysis. Drugs. 2006;66:607-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200666050-00003
Luberto CM, Hall DL, Park ER, Haramati A, Cotton S. A Perspective on the Similarities and Differences Between Mindfulness and Relaxation. Glob Adv Health Med. 2020 5;9:2164956120905597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2164956120905597
Jacobson, E. Progressive relaxation. Chicago: Chicago University Pres. 1938.
Miltenberger RG. Behavior Modification Principles and Procedures (4th ed.). Australia: Thompson Wadsworth. 2008.
Melo-Dias C, Lopes RC, Cardoso D, Bobrowicz-Campos E, Apóstolo J. Schizophrenia and Progressive Muscle Relaxation - A systematic review of effectiveness. Heliyon.2019;5(4): e01484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01484
Butcher HK, Bulechek GM, Dochterman JM, Wagner CM. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (7th ed.). St. Louis: MO: Elsevier. 2018.
Haseena TA, Sreelekshmi J. Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on quality of sleep among patients undergoing hemodialysis. GJRA. 2015; 4(2).
The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (Arthur S. Walters MD – Group Organizer and Correspondent), Towards a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 1995;10: 634-42.
Manzoni GM, Pagnini F, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. Relaxation training for anxiety: a ten-years systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry [Internet] 2008; 8:41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-41
Smeltzer, S.C & Bare, B.G. Buku ajar Keperawatan Medikal Bedah. Jakarta: EGC. 2013.
Beladi-Mousavi SS, Jafarizade M, Shayanpour S, Bahadoram M, Moosavian SM, Houshmand G. Restless Legs Syndrome: Associated Risk Factors in Hemodialysis Patients. Nephrourol Mon. 2015 Nov 29;7(6):e31967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/numonthly.31967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/numonthly.31967
Mousavi M, Soleimani M A, Akrami R, Tadayonfar M. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the severity of restless leg syndrome in patients under treatment with hemodialysis. Hayat. 2016. 106