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Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease, as well as the complexity of its therapeutic management, makes nephrology nurses susceptible to suffering from burnout syndrome. In this scenario, the COVID-19 pandemic has appeared. This new situation may enhance the appearance of burnout among nephrology nurses.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nurses in a nephrology service of a tertiary hospital.
Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and single-center study. Data collection was carried out using an ad-hoc questionnaire with sociodemographic and labor questions. The validated questionnaire “Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS)” was administered, composed of questions about feelings and attitudes of professionals towards patients and co-workers.
Results: 28 nurses were included, corresponding to 71.79% of the study population, with a mean of 18.00±12.17 years of experience. 11 (39.28%) had COVID-19. 24 (85.71%) were vaccinated. 18 (64.29%) did not receive specific training on SARS-CoV2. 13 (46.43%) nurses were afraid of transmitting COVID-19 to their environment and 5 (17.90%) were afraid of being infected. 19 (67.86%) felt bad emotionally. The results of the MBI-HSS highlighted 15 (58.57%) nurses with at least two of the three areas of the burnout syndrome affected.
Conclusions: Nurses present a real risk of burnout in the current context described and the implementation of prevention and treatment programs would be appropriate according to the reference literature. The sphere with the greatest reported affectation is that of personal fulfillment.
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References
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- Torrades S. Estrés y burn out. Definición y prevención. Offarm. 2007;26(10):104-7.
- Maslach CH, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Research edition. Consulting Psychologists Press [Internet] 1996 [consultado 12 Nov 2020]; [aprox. 57 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christina-Maslach/publication/277816643_The_Maslach_Burnout_Inventory_Manual/links/5574dbd708aeb6d8c01946d7/The-Maslach-Burnout-Inventory-Manual.pdf.
- Martín A. Burnout en enfermería: prevalencia y factores relacionados en el medio hospitalario. Rev Cient Soc Esp Enf Neuro. 2015;41(1):9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedene.2015.02.001
- Col·legi oficial d’infermeres i infermers de Barcelona. Barcelona: COIB: 2020 El COIB ha atès més de 1.800 consultes de col·legiades sobre la covid-19 [Internet] 2020 [consultado 6 Ene 2021]; [aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.coib.cat/ca-es/actualitat/noticies-del-col-legi/el-coib-ha-donat-suport-mes-de-1.800-consultes-de-col-legiades-sobre-la-covid-19.html.
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- Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Análisis de los casos de COVID-19 en personal sanitario notificados a la RENAVE hasta el 10 de mayo en España. Informe a 29 de Mayo de 2020. Equipo COVID-19. RENAVE. CNE. CNM (ISCIII) [Internet] 2020 [consultado 01 Feb 2021]; [aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.isciii.es/QueHacemos/Servicios/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE/EnfermedadesTransmisibles/Documents/INFORMES/Informes%20COVID-19/COVID-19%20en%20personal%20sanitario%2029%20de%20mayo%20de%202020.pdf.
- Seow JW, Lin S, Khor YP, Hey DH, Kagda FH. Stress and Strain in an Orthopaedic Department on the Frontlines during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Burnout and the Factors Influencing It. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020;49(10):814-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020289
- Rodríguez-Menéndez G, Rubio-García A, Conde-Alvarez P, Armesto-Luque L, Garrido-Torres N, Capitan L, et al. Short-term emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spaniard Health workers. J Affect Dis. 2021;278:390-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.079
- McHugh MD, Kutney-Lee A, Cimiotti JP, Sloane DM, Aiken LH. Nurses’ widespread job dissatisfaction, burnout, and frustration with health benefits signal problems for patient care. Health Aff. 2011;30(2):202-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0100
- Hayes B, Bonner A. Job satisfaction, stress, and burnout associated with haemodialysis nursing: a review of the literature. J Renal Care. 2010;36(4):174-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2010.00194.x
- Kavurmacı M, Cantekin I, Tan M. Burnout levels of hemodialysis nurses. Ren Fail. 2014;36(7):1038-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2014.917559
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- Gómez-Rodríguez M, Moreno-Olivencia P, Miralles-Martínez F, Sánchez-Martos MD, Sánchez-Lamolda MÁ, Pérez-Molina G. Cuidados de calidad y satisfacción del paciente con enfermería en hemodiálisis. Enferm Nefrol. 2014;17(1):94.
- Ángel-Ángel ZE, Duque-Castaño GA, Tovar-Cortes DL. Cuidados de enfermería en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis: una revisión sistemática. Enferm Nefrol. 2016;19(3):202-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S2254-28842016000300003
- Karakoc A, Yilmaz M, Alcalar N, Esen B, Kayabasi H, Sit D. Burnout Syndrome Among Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Nurses. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2016;10(6):395-404.
- Mortier P, Vilagut G, Ferrer M, Serra C, Molina JD, López-Fresneña N, et al. Thirty day suicidal thoughts and behaviors among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak. Depression and Anxiety. 2021;38(5):528-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23129
- Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, Garcia-Albuerne Y, Martín-García J. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15):5514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155514
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- World Medical Association. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. 64ª Asamblea General, Fortaleza, Brasil [Internet]. 2013 [consultado 10 Mar 2021]; [aprox. 9 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/.
- Ley Orgànica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales. Boletín Oficial del Estado [Internet]. núm 294 de 6 de diciembre de 2018 [consultado 17 Mar 2021]. [aprox. 70 p.] Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2018-16673.
- Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del parlamento europeo y del consejo de 27 de abril de 2016. Directiva 95/46/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 24 de octubre de 1995, relativa a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos (DOL 281 de 23.11.1995. p. 31) [Internet] 2016 [consultado 18 Mar 2021] [aprox. 30 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/doue/2016/119/L00001-00088.pdf.
References
Aguado Martín JI, Bátiz Cano A, Quintana Pérez S. El estrés en personal sanitario hospitalario: estado actual. Med segur trab. 2013;59(231):259-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2013000200006
Torrades S. Estrés y burn out. Definición y prevención. Offarm. 2007;26(10):104-7.
Maslach CH, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Research edition. Consulting Psychologists Press [Internet] 1996 [consultado 12 Nov 2020]; [aprox. 57 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christina-Maslach/publication/277816643_The_Maslach_Burnout_Inventory_Manual/links/5574dbd708aeb6d8c01946d7/The-Maslach-Burnout-Inventory-Manual.pdf.
Martín A. Burnout en enfermería: prevalencia y factores relacionados en el medio hospitalario. Rev Cient Soc Esp Enf Neuro. 2015;41(1):9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedene.2015.02.001
Col·legi oficial d’infermeres i infermers de Barcelona. Barcelona: COIB: 2020 El COIB ha atès més de 1.800 consultes de col·legiades sobre la covid-19 [Internet] 2020 [consultado 6 Ene 2021]; [aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.coib.cat/ca-es/actualitat/noticies-del-col-legi/el-coib-ha-donat-suport-mes-de-1.800-consultes-de-col-legiades-sobre-la-covid-19.html.
Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Ferrer M, Alayo I, Aragón-Peña A, et al. Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: A Large Cross-sectional Survey. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2021;14(2):90-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.001
Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190
Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Análisis de los casos de COVID-19 en personal sanitario notificados a la RENAVE hasta el 10 de mayo en España. Informe a 29 de Mayo de 2020. Equipo COVID-19. RENAVE. CNE. CNM (ISCIII) [Internet] 2020 [consultado 01 Feb 2021]; [aprox. 11 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.isciii.es/QueHacemos/Servicios/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE/EnfermedadesTransmisibles/Documents/INFORMES/Informes%20COVID-19/COVID-19%20en%20personal%20sanitario%2029%20de%20mayo%20de%202020.pdf.
Seow JW, Lin S, Khor YP, Hey DH, Kagda FH. Stress and Strain in an Orthopaedic Department on the Frontlines during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Burnout and the Factors Influencing It. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020;49(10):814-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020289
Rodríguez-Menéndez G, Rubio-García A, Conde-Alvarez P, Armesto-Luque L, Garrido-Torres N, Capitan L, et al. Short-term emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spaniard Health workers. J Affect Dis. 2021;278:390-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.079
McHugh MD, Kutney-Lee A, Cimiotti JP, Sloane DM, Aiken LH. Nurses’ widespread job dissatisfaction, burnout, and frustration with health benefits signal problems for patient care. Health Aff. 2011;30(2):202-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0100
Hayes B, Bonner A. Job satisfaction, stress, and burnout associated with haemodialysis nursing: a review of the literature. J Renal Care. 2010;36(4):174-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2010.00194.x
Kavurmacı M, Cantekin I, Tan M. Burnout levels of hemodialysis nurses. Ren Fail. 2014;36(7):1038-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2014.917559
Arcos E, Pérez-Sáez MJ, Comas J, Lloveras J, Tort J, Pascual J; Catalan Renal Registry. Assessing the Limits in Kidney Transplantation: Use of Extremely Elderly Donors and Outcomes in Elderly Recipients. Transplantation. 2020;104(1):176-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000002748
Gómez-Rodríguez M, Moreno-Olivencia P, Miralles-Martínez F, Sánchez-Martos MD, Sánchez-Lamolda MÁ, Pérez-Molina G. Cuidados de calidad y satisfacción del paciente con enfermería en hemodiálisis. Enferm Nefrol. 2014;17(1):94.
Ángel-Ángel ZE, Duque-Castaño GA, Tovar-Cortes DL. Cuidados de enfermería en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis: una revisión sistemática. Enferm Nefrol. 2016;19(3):202-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S2254-28842016000300003
Karakoc A, Yilmaz M, Alcalar N, Esen B, Kayabasi H, Sit D. Burnout Syndrome Among Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Nurses. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2016;10(6):395-404.
Mortier P, Vilagut G, Ferrer M, Serra C, Molina JD, López-Fresneña N, et al. Thirty day suicidal thoughts and behaviors among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak. Depression and Anxiety. 2021;38(5):528-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23129
Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, Garcia-Albuerne Y, Martín-García J. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15):5514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155514
Arenas MD, Villar J, González C, Cao H, Collado S, Crespo M, et al. Management of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus epidemic in hemodialysis units. Nefrología (Eng Edition). 2020;40(3):258-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.04.001
Consell de col·legis d’infermeres i infermers de Catalunya. Codi d’ètica de les infermeres i infermers de Catalunya [Internet]. 2013 [consultado 22 Feb 2021]; [aprox. 22 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.consellinfermeres.cat/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2013-Codi-d%C3%88tica-de-les-infermeres-i-infermers-de-Catalunya.pdf.
World Medical Association. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. 64ª Asamblea General, Fortaleza, Brasil [Internet]. 2013 [consultado 10 Mar 2021]; [aprox. 9 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/.
Ley Orgànica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales. Boletín Oficial del Estado [Internet]. núm 294 de 6 de diciembre de 2018 [consultado 17 Mar 2021]. [aprox. 70 p.] Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2018-16673.
Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del parlamento europeo y del consejo de 27 de abril de 2016. Directiva 95/46/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 24 de octubre de 1995, relativa a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos (DOL 281 de 23.11.1995. p. 31) [Internet] 2016 [consultado 18 Mar 2021] [aprox. 30 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/doue/2016/119/L00001-00088.pdf.