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Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D is involved in bone-mineral metabolism, diabetes mellitus, immunological diseases, tumor processes, cardiovascular system, anemia, etc. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency- deficiency and its associated risk factors in hemodialysis patients. Results: Only 5.88% of patients presented normal levels. 94.14% of patients had levels below 30 ng/ml (mean 9.64 ng/ml). In this last group, patients were older, less exposed to the sun and used sun protection. A greater presence of women was found, taking less vitamin D or VD enriched foods and fewer statins. Between them, three patients had insufficient weight. The two black patients had levels < 10 ng/ml. In ourany vitamin D supplementation. Only one variable was statistically significant (human race). We must consider that it can be attributed to our limited sample size. Conclusions: 94.14% of patients have low vitamin D levels and pharmacological supplementation seems necessary. geographical situation [Latitude: 41° 09’22”N], in winter, vitamin D skin-synthesis is scarce. Only 14.12% of patients took
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References
- Dusso AS. Kidney disease and vitamin D levels: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and VDR activation. Kidney Int. 2011;1(4): 136-141.
- Marinelli A, Pistolesi V, Rossi V, Battista M,Buono A, Della Grotta F et al. Severe 25-OH vitamin D deficiency in patients on chronic hemodialysis.G Ital Nefrol. 2014;31(5): 1-8.
- Hilger J, Friedel A, Herr R, Rausch T, Roos F, Wahl DA et al. A systematic review of vitamin D status in populations worldwide. Br J Nutr. 2014; 111(1): 23–45.
- Navarro C, Quesada JM. Deficiencia de vitamina D en España. ¿Realidad o mito? Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner. 2014; 6 (Supl 1):85-10.
- González ML. Vitamina D en la enfermedad renal crónica. Nefrología al día 2012;7:0 | doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.2010.pub1.ed80.chapter2930.
- Navarro C, Quesada JM. Vitamina D, determinante de la salud osea y extraósea; importancia de su suplementación en la leche y derivados. Nutr Hosp. 2015;3 (supl 2): 18-25.
- Ravani P, Malberti F, Tripepi G, Pecchini P, Cutrupi S, Pizzini P, et al. Vitamin D levels and patient outcome in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2009; 75(1): 88-95.
- Parikh C, Gutgarts V, Eisenberg E, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and clinical outcomes in dialysis. Semin Dial. 2015; 28(6): 604-609.
- Wolpowitz D, Gilchrest BA. The vitamin D questions: how much do you need and how should you get it? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(2):301-17.
- Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK et al . The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What clinicians need to know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(1): 53–58.
- Gómez de Tejada MJ, Sosa M, Del Pino J, Jodar E, Quesada JM, Cancelo MJ. Documento de posición sobre las necesidades y niveles óptimos de vitamina D. Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner. 2011; 3(1): 53-64.
- Moyad MA. Vitamin D: A rapid review. Dermatol Nurs. 2009;21(1): 25-30, 55.
- Jean G, Souberbielle JC, Chazot C. Vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Nutrients 2017; 9(4):328.
- ANEDIDIC. Procedimiento de actuación ante la exposición al sol. Enferm Dermatol 2012; 15: 48-49.
- Pérez-García R, Palomares I, Merello JI, Aljama P, Bustamante J, Luño J et al; (ORD group). Epidemiological study of 7316 patients on haemodialysis treated in FME clinics in Spain, using data from the EuCliD database: results from years 2009-2010. Nefrología. 2012; 32:743-753.
- Fernández A, Donnay S, Beamud M. Seasonal variation in vitamin D levels in patients attending in Basic Helathcare Center. Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner 2012; 4(2): 63-68.
- Krassilnikova M, Ostrow K, Bader A, Heeger P, Mehrotra A. Low dietary intake of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol Ther. 2014; 4(3): 166.
- Foucan L, Ducros J, Merault H. Vitamin D status in dark-skinned patients undergoing hemodialysis in a continually sunny country. J Nephrol. 2012; 25 (6): 983-8.
- Ojeda R, Esquivias E, Carmona A, García V, Berdud I, Martí A et al. La corrección del déficit de 25-OH-vitamina D mejora el control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y el estado inflamatorio de pacientes estables en hemodiálisis. Nefrologia. 2018; 38(1):41-47.
- Pérez-Castrillón JL, Abad L, Vega G, Sanz-Cantalapiedra A, García-Porrero M, Pinacho F et al. Effect of atorvastatin on bone mineral density in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2008;12(2):83-8. Abstract.
- Subih HS, Behrens J, Burt B, Clement L, Pannell R, Macha L et al. 25 hydroxy vitamin D is higher when a renal multivitamin is given with cholecalciferol at hemodialysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016; 25(4):754-759.
- Sánchez D, Pereira M, González E, Pérez MV. La enfermería pieza clave en el tratamiento del déficit de vitamina D. Enferm Nefrol. 2013; 16(supl 1): 83-84.
- Ulrich C, Deegen A, Patel MJ, Stockfleth E. Sunscreens in organ transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 3(6):1805-1808.
- Lee YJ, Oh IH, Baek HJ, Lee CH, Lee SS. Effects of sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in hemodialysis patients. Nutr Res Pract. 2015; 9(2):158-64
- Kalantar-Zadeh K, Fouque D. Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(18):1765-1776.
- Ramirez B, De Jesús M, Pulido M, Roncal D, Rodríguez P. Hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Una puesta al día. Rev Soc Esp Enferm Nefrol 2001; 4(4): 56-61.
- Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int. 2009; 76 (Suppl 113): S1-S130.
- Vicente J, Bover J, Cannata J, Lorenzo V, Martín de Francisco AL, Martínez I et al. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología para el manejo de las alteraciones del metabolismo óseo-mineral en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (S.E.N.-M.M.). Nefrología. 2011; 31(1); 3-32.
References
Dusso AS. Kidney disease and vitamin D levels: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and VDR activation. Kidney Int. 2011;1(4): 136-141.
Marinelli A, Pistolesi V, Rossi V, Battista M,Buono A, Della Grotta F et al. Severe 25-OH vitamin D deficiency in patients on chronic hemodialysis.G Ital Nefrol. 2014;31(5): 1-8.
Hilger J, Friedel A, Herr R, Rausch T, Roos F, Wahl DA et al. A systematic review of vitamin D status in populations worldwide. Br J Nutr. 2014; 111(1): 23–45.
Navarro C, Quesada JM. Deficiencia de vitamina D en España. ¿Realidad o mito? Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner. 2014; 6 (Supl 1):85-10.
González ML. Vitamina D en la enfermedad renal crónica. Nefrología al día 2012;7:0 | doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.2010.pub1.ed80.chapter2930.
Navarro C, Quesada JM. Vitamina D, determinante de la salud osea y extraósea; importancia de su suplementación en la leche y derivados. Nutr Hosp. 2015;3 (supl 2): 18-25.
Ravani P, Malberti F, Tripepi G, Pecchini P, Cutrupi S, Pizzini P, et al. Vitamin D levels and patient outcome in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2009; 75(1): 88-95.
Parikh C, Gutgarts V, Eisenberg E, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and clinical outcomes in dialysis. Semin Dial. 2015; 28(6): 604-609.
Wolpowitz D, Gilchrest BA. The vitamin D questions: how much do you need and how should you get it? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(2):301-17.
Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK et al . The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What clinicians need to know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(1): 53–58.
Gómez de Tejada MJ, Sosa M, Del Pino J, Jodar E, Quesada JM, Cancelo MJ. Documento de posición sobre las necesidades y niveles óptimos de vitamina D. Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner. 2011; 3(1): 53-64.
Moyad MA. Vitamin D: A rapid review. Dermatol Nurs. 2009;21(1): 25-30, 55.
Jean G, Souberbielle JC, Chazot C. Vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Nutrients 2017; 9(4):328.
ANEDIDIC. Procedimiento de actuación ante la exposición al sol. Enferm Dermatol 2012; 15: 48-49.
Pérez-García R, Palomares I, Merello JI, Aljama P, Bustamante J, Luño J et al; (ORD group). Epidemiological study of 7316 patients on haemodialysis treated in FME clinics in Spain, using data from the EuCliD database: results from years 2009-2010. Nefrología. 2012; 32:743-753.
Fernández A, Donnay S, Beamud M. Seasonal variation in vitamin D levels in patients attending in Basic Helathcare Center. Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner 2012; 4(2): 63-68.
Krassilnikova M, Ostrow K, Bader A, Heeger P, Mehrotra A. Low dietary intake of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol Ther. 2014; 4(3): 166.
Foucan L, Ducros J, Merault H. Vitamin D status in dark-skinned patients undergoing hemodialysis in a continually sunny country. J Nephrol. 2012; 25 (6): 983-8.
Ojeda R, Esquivias E, Carmona A, García V, Berdud I, Martí A et al. La corrección del déficit de 25-OH-vitamina D mejora el control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y el estado inflamatorio de pacientes estables en hemodiálisis. Nefrologia. 2018; 38(1):41-47.
Pérez-Castrillón JL, Abad L, Vega G, Sanz-Cantalapiedra A, García-Porrero M, Pinacho F et al. Effect of atorvastatin on bone mineral density in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2008;12(2):83-8. Abstract.
Subih HS, Behrens J, Burt B, Clement L, Pannell R, Macha L et al. 25 hydroxy vitamin D is higher when a renal multivitamin is given with cholecalciferol at hemodialysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016; 25(4):754-759.
Sánchez D, Pereira M, González E, Pérez MV. La enfermería pieza clave en el tratamiento del déficit de vitamina D. Enferm Nefrol. 2013; 16(supl 1): 83-84.
Ulrich C, Deegen A, Patel MJ, Stockfleth E. Sunscreens in organ transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 3(6):1805-1808.
Lee YJ, Oh IH, Baek HJ, Lee CH, Lee SS. Effects of sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in hemodialysis patients. Nutr Res Pract. 2015; 9(2):158-64
Kalantar-Zadeh K, Fouque D. Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(18):1765-1776.
Ramirez B, De Jesús M, Pulido M, Roncal D, Rodríguez P. Hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Una puesta al día. Rev Soc Esp Enferm Nefrol 2001; 4(4): 56-61.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int. 2009; 76 (Suppl 113): S1-S130.
Vicente J, Bover J, Cannata J, Lorenzo V, Martín de Francisco AL, Martínez I et al. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología para el manejo de las alteraciones del metabolismo óseo-mineral en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (S.E.N.-M.M.). Nefrología. 2011; 31(1); 3-32.