Valoración del estado nutricional y consumo alimentario de los pacientes en terapia renal sustitutiva mediante hemodiálisis

Abstract

Introduction: Protein-energy malnutrition is a common occurrence among patients on renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis and this in addition to the dialysis technique itself, improper diet contributes.
Objective: Assess the evolution of nutritional status and food intake of patients from 3 outpatient hemodialysis units, after an educational nurse intervention.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 outpatient units from 3 patients (44 men and 23 women) with dialysis dose measured by Kt / V> 1.3. It was made a determination of nutritional status by conventional methods and food consumption by a diet questionnaire, determining by computer support the healthy eating index, identifying deficits and / or excess nutrients in each patient.
Customized educational interventions designed to correct the excesses or deficiencies of nutrients detected in patients were carried out. The same assessments were made at six months.
Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was mild in 41% of men and 43% of women and moderate in 34% of men and 21% of women. The healthy eating index was inadequate in 37.31% of patients at baseline but after the educational intervention was 18.8%.
The average energy intake was high (1398.86 Kcal / patient / day) with high intake of cholesterol and amino acid deficiency. A high intake of simple carbohydrates (> 20%) and a high use of animal protein were detected. The mineral and vitamin content of the diet was very poor, highlighting the low consumption of vitamin D (1.45 ± 2.55 ng) and high phosphorus (1052.28 ± 356.23 m / day).
Conclusion: After an educational intervention on our patients, correcting unhealthy dietary habits, we managed to improve their nutritional status, reducing the prevalence of malnutrition in our units.