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Resumen
Introducción: La depresión es un problema frecuente, aunque poco reconocido, entre los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) sometidos a diálisis. Los factores asociados a la depresión en estos pacientes parecen ser diversos.
Objetivos: Identificar los factores clínicos y demográficos relacionados con la depresión en pacientes que reciben diálisis por ERC.
Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 50
pacientes de un hospital privado de Indonesia. La recogida de datos incluía datos demográficos, datos relacionados con la salud y la depresión. Para identificar el estado de depresión, en este estudio se utilizaron 20 ítems de la escala de depresión autocalificada de Zung (ZDS). El análisis de los datos incluyó análisis univariante, bivariante y multivariante. La variable dependiente se analizaron mediante un análisis no paramétrico y, para determinar los factores relacionados con la depresión, se utilizó un análisis de regresión.
Resultados: La puntuación media de la ZPS fue de 31,1 (10,52), lo que indica ausencia de depresión clínica en la mayoría de los participantes. Ninguna variable demográfica se asoció con la depresión.
Los antihipertensivos prescritos y los inhibidores de la
enzima convertidora de angiotensina fueron los factores predictivos de la depresión en pacientes con ERC sometidos a diálisis.
Conclusiones: Los pacientes con ERC e hipertensión no tratada en pacientes con ERC experimentaron mayor depresión. El uso de medicación antihipertensiva, en particular de inhibidores de la ECA, se asoció a menores puntuaciones de depresión en esta muestra de pacientes con ERC sometidos a diálisis.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Septa Meriana Lumbantoruan
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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Referencias
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- Jha V, Al-Ghamdi SMG, Li G, Wu MS, Stafylas P, Retat L, et al. Global Economic Burden Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pragmatic Review of Medical Costs for the Inside CKD Research Programme. Adv Ther. 2023 Oct 26;40(10):4405–20.
- Hustrini NM, Susalit E, Rotmans JI. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Indonesia: An analysis of the National Basic Health Survey 2018. J Glob Health. 2022 Oct 14;12:04074.
- Ministry of Health Indonesia. 14 Maret Peringatan Hari Ginjal Sedunia (HGS) [Internet]. 2024; [consultado 2025 Feb 24]. Available from: https://setda.gunungkidulkab.go.id/2024/03/14/14-maret-peringatan-hari-ginjal-sedunia-hgs/#:~:text=Menurut%20Kemenkes%20penderita%20penyakit%20ginjal,tahunnya%20karena%20meningkatnya%20jumlah%20penderita
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- Adejumo OA, Edeki IR, Sunday Oyedepo D, Falade J, Yisau OE, Ige OO, et al. Global prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2024;37(9):2455–72.
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- Shirazian S. Depression in CKD: Understanding the Mechanisms of Disease. Kidney Int Rep. 2019;4(2):189–90.
- Qawaqzeh DTA, Masa’deh R, Hamaideh SH, Alkhawaldeh A, ALBashtawy M. Factors affecting the levels of anxiety and depression among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023;55(11):2887–96.
- Hawamdeh S, Almari A, Almutairi A, Dator W. Determinants and prevalence of depression in patients with chronic renal disease, and their caregivers. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017;Volume 10:183–9.
- Wilson Van Voorhis CR, Morgan BL. Understanding Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2007;3(2):43–50.
- ZUNG WWK. A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;12(1):63.
- Wilson Van Voorhis CR, Morgan BL. Understanding Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2007;3(2):43–50.
- Walters SJ, Campbell MJ. The use of bootstrap methods for estimating sample size and analysing health-related quality of life outcomes. Stat Med. 2005;24(7):1075–102.
- Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2022;12(1):7–11.
- Kuma A, Kato A. Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors for the Incidence and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Population. Nutrients. 2022;14(18):3787.
- Fatima S, Mahmood S. Combatting a silent killer - the importance of self-screening of blood pressure from an early age. EXCLI J. 2021;20:1326–7.
- Riskesdas K. Hasil utama riset kesehata dasar (RISKESDAS). J Phys A Math Theor. 2018;44(8):1–200.
- Mosleh H, Alenezi M, Al johani S, Alsani A, Fairaq G, Bedaiwi R. Prevalence and Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-sectional Single-Center Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2020.
- D’Oro A, Patel DH, Wass S, Dolber T, Nasir K, Dobre M, et al. Depression and incident cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention. 2023;18:200199.
- Zhang Y, He D, Zhang W, Xing Y, Guo Y, Wang F, et al. ACE Inhibitor Benefit to Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes for Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3-5: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Drugs. 2020;80(8):797–811.
Referencias
Jager KJ, Kovesdy C, Langham R, Rosenberg M, Jha V, Zoccali C. A single number for advocacy and communication—worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2019;34(11):1803–5.
Jha V, Al-Ghamdi SMG, Li G, Wu MS, Stafylas P, Retat L, et al. Global Economic Burden Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pragmatic Review of Medical Costs for the Inside CKD Research Programme. Adv Ther. 2023 Oct 26;40(10):4405–20.
Hustrini NM, Susalit E, Rotmans JI. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Indonesia: An analysis of the National Basic Health Survey 2018. J Glob Health. 2022 Oct 14;12:04074.
Ministry of Health Indonesia. 14 Maret Peringatan Hari Ginjal Sedunia (HGS) [Internet]. 2024; [consultado 2025 Feb 24]. Available from: https://setda.gunungkidulkab.go.id/2024/03/14/14-maret-peringatan-hari-ginjal-sedunia-hgs/#:~:text=Menurut%20Kemenkes%20penderita%20penyakit%20ginjal,tahunnya%20karena%20meningkatnya%20jumlah%20penderita
Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW, et al. National Kidney Foundation Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(2):137–47.
Adejumo OA, Edeki IR, Sunday Oyedepo D, Falade J, Yisau OE, Ige OO, et al. Global prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2024;37(9):2455–72.
Palapinyo S, Methaneethorn J, Leelakanok N. Association between polypharmacy and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2021;51(4):280–99.
Shirazian S. Depression in CKD: Understanding the Mechanisms of Disease. Kidney Int Rep. 2019;4(2):189–90.
Qawaqzeh DTA, Masa’deh R, Hamaideh SH, Alkhawaldeh A, ALBashtawy M. Factors affecting the levels of anxiety and depression among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023;55(11):2887–96.
Hawamdeh S, Almari A, Almutairi A, Dator W. Determinants and prevalence of depression in patients with chronic renal disease, and their caregivers. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017;Volume 10:183–9.
Wilson Van Voorhis CR, Morgan BL. Understanding Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2007;3(2):43–50.
ZUNG WWK. A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;12(1):63.
Wilson Van Voorhis CR, Morgan BL. Understanding Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutor Quant Methods Psychol. 2007;3(2):43–50.
Walters SJ, Campbell MJ. The use of bootstrap methods for estimating sample size and analysing health-related quality of life outcomes. Stat Med. 2005;24(7):1075–102.
Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2022;12(1):7–11.
Kuma A, Kato A. Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors for the Incidence and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Population. Nutrients. 2022;14(18):3787.
Fatima S, Mahmood S. Combatting a silent killer - the importance of self-screening of blood pressure from an early age. EXCLI J. 2021;20:1326–7.
Riskesdas K. Hasil utama riset kesehata dasar (RISKESDAS). J Phys A Math Theor. 2018;44(8):1–200.
Mosleh H, Alenezi M, Al johani S, Alsani A, Fairaq G, Bedaiwi R. Prevalence and Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-sectional Single-Center Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2020.
D’Oro A, Patel DH, Wass S, Dolber T, Nasir K, Dobre M, et al. Depression and incident cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention. 2023;18:200199.
Zhang Y, He D, Zhang W, Xing Y, Guo Y, Wang F, et al. ACE Inhibitor Benefit to Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes for Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3-5: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Drugs. 2020;80(8):797–811.