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Enviado
24 marzo 2025
Aceptado
23 abril 2025
Publicado
30 septiembre 2025
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Resumen

Introducción: La introducción de la inteligencia artificial, en el área de la nefrología, proporciona una nueva perspectiva para analizar datos en tiempo real mediados por tecnología.
Objetivos: Determinar las aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica de la enfermería nefrológica y caracterizar herramientas predictivas, diagnósticas y de gestión clínica dirigidas a pacientes con enfermedad renal.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de literatura siguiendo la declaración PRISMA. Se buscaron artículos originales sin límite temporal en MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane y LILACS, usando combinaciones de términos relacionados con inteligencia artificial, enfermería y nefrología. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales, experimentales y ensayos clínicos en población adulta, publicados en inglés, español o portugués. Se excluyeron desarrollos robóticos, pacientes gineco-obstétricas y revisiones previas. Dos revisores extrajeron de forma independiente datos sobre diseño, muestra, intervenciones, comparadores y resultados principales, aplicando guías CASPe para evaluar la calidad metodológica.
Resultados: De 279 registros iniciales, 30 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se agruparon en dos categorías: 16 trabajos en herramientas predictivas y diagnósticas, y 14 en mejora de atención y gestión clínica (sistemas de clasificación de pacientes, alertas tempranas, optimización de diálisis y prevención de readmisiones). La mayoría mostró superioridad de modelos de aprendizaje automático y deep learning frente a enfoques tradicionales.
Conclusiones: La inteligencia artificial aplicada en enfermería nefrológica demuestra un rendimiento prometedor en predicción y diagnóstico, así como en la optimización de procesos asistenciales. Se requieren estudios de implementación clínica y evaluaciones costo-efectivas para consolidar su integración en la práctica diaria y maximizar sus beneficios.

Palabras clave

inteligencia artificial aprendizaje automático enfermedades renales enfermería nefrológica sistemas de apoyo a la decisión clínica computarizados revisión de literatura

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Derechos de autor 2025 Dra Claudia Rodriguez, Enfermero Especialista, Enfermera Especialista

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

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© Los autores ceden de forma no exclusiva los derechos de explotación de los trabajos publicados y consiente en que su uso y distribución se realice con la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No comercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0). Puede consultar desde aquí la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.

 

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Cuacialpud Marín KS, Serna Yepez S, Rodríguez Triviño CY. Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en la enfermería nefrológica: revisión integrativa de las herramientas predictivas y de gestión clínica. Enferm Nefrol [Internet]. 2025 [consultado 1 Oct 2025];28(3):[aprox. 15 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.enfermerianefrologica.com/revista/article/view/4818
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