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Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to deterioration of mental health in health care professionals, and the situation of nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease is currently unknown.
Objective: To identify psychological well-being and differences according to demographic and professional variables in nurses performing haemodialysis in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out on 52 nurses performing renal replacement therapy in intensive care and renal therapy units in COVID-19 times, who gave their consent. Sociodemographic, academic and work-related variables were obtained and the PGWBI scale was used to establish levels of psychological well-being. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used, and Dunn’s post-test was performed to compare differences between the variables studied.
Results: The mean age of the nurses studied was 36.56±6.95 years. The levels of psychological well-being were positive in all the categories of the scale, with the exception of anxiety and depression. Similarly, it was found that the variables gender, marital status, job stability, length of service, salary remuneration and academic training showed differential behaviour in the categories assessed by the instrument.
Conclusions: High levels of psychological well-being were identified in nurses providing care in renal replacement therapy patients in times of COVID-19 pandemic, where factors such as marital status, post-graduate training and having job stability with better salary income positively influence the categories that contributed to the psychological well-being scores of the nurses assessed.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Sandra Milena Martínez Rojas, Silvia Liliana Ruiz Roa (Autor/a)
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References
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- Caycho-Rodríguez T, Ventura-León J, Azabache-Alvarado K, Reyes-Bossio M, Cabrera-Orosco I. Validez e invariancia factorial del Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI) en universitarios peruanos. Rev Cienc Salud. 2020;18(3):1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.9797
- Diener E, Oishi S, Tay L. Advances in subjective well-being research. Nat Hum Behav. 2018;2(4):253-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
- George LK. Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. J. Gerontol. 2010;65B(3):331-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq006
- Ryff CD. Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83:10-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
- Adejumo OA, Iyawe IO, Akinbodewa AA, Abolarin OS, Alli EO. Burden, psychological well-being and quality of life of caregivers of end stage renal disease patients. Ghana Med. J. 2019;53(3):190–6.
- Chaparro-Díaz L, Barrera-Ortiz L, Vargas-Rosero E, Carreño-Moreno SP. Mujeres cuidadoras familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Colombia. Rev. cienc. cuidad. 2016;13(1):72-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.736
- Martínez Rodríguez L, Grau Valdés Y, Rodríguez Umpierre R. Estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Enferm Nefrol. 2017;20(2):139-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S2254-288420170000200007
- Hawamdeh S, Almari AM, Almutairi AS, Dator W. Determinants and prevalence of depression in patients with chronic renal disease, and their caregivers. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017;10:183-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S139652
- Martínez-Rojas SM. Experiencia del cuidador entrenado en diálisis peritoneal durante la hospitalización del enfermo renal crónico. Enferm Nefrol. 2020;23(4):345-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37551/S2254-28842020035
- Mukhtar S. Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):512–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925835
- Hassanein M, Radhakrishnan Y, Sedor J, Vachharajani T, Vachharajani VT, Augustine J, et al. COVID-19 and the kidney. Clevel. Clin. J. Med. 2020;87(10):619–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.20072
- Martínez-Rojas MA, Vega-Vega O, Bobadilla NA. Is the kidney a target of SARS-CoV-2?. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2020; 318(6):1454–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00160.2020
- Rafati F, Mashayekhi F,Dastyar N. Caregiver Burden and Spiritual Well-being in Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients. J Relig. Health. 2020;59:3084–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00939-y
- Jafari H, Ebrahimi A, Aghaei A. Khatony A. The relationship between care burden and quality of life in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-1120-1
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- Gaviria Gómez AM, Amaya M. Estilos de vida, bienestar psicológico y sentido de coherencia en los estudiantes adultos de la universidad de San Buenaventura. AGO.USB. 2007;7(2):285-304.
- Adejumo OA, Iyawe IO, Akinbodewa AA, Abolarin OS, Alli EO. Burden, psychological well-being and quality of life of caregivers of end stage renal disease patients. Ghana Med. J. 2019;53(3):190–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v53i3.2
- Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2020; 33(3): e100259.
- Si MY, Su XY, Jiang Y, Wang WJ, Gu XF, Ma L, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical care workers in China. Infect. Dis. Poverty. 2020;9:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00724-0
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- Wayessa ZJ, Melesse GT, Amaje Hadona E, Wako WG. Prevalence of depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia. SAGE open medicine. SAGE Open Medicine. 2021;9:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211032810
- Ali S, Maguire S, Marks E, Doyle M, Sheehy C. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers at acute hospital settings in the South-East of Ireland: an observational cohort multicentre study 2020. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12): e042930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042930
- Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. General psychiatry. 2020;33(3): e100259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259
- Wańkowicz P, Szylińska A, Rotter I. Assessment of Mental Health Factors among Health Professionals Depending on Their Contact with COVID-19 Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165849
- Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematic review. Med Clin. 2021;156(9):449–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.11.003
- Yu J, Song Y, Dong H., Su X, Zhang P. Factors associated with the general well-being of nurses in a tertiary Chinese hospital: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2020; 28(3):540–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12954
- Y Kowitlawkul, SF Yap, S Makabe, S Chan, FAAN, J Takagai, et al. Investigating nurses’ quality of life and work-life balance statuses in Singapore. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018;66(1): 61-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12457
- N Akter, T Akkadechanunt, R Chontawan, A Klunklin. Factors predicting quality of work life among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals, Bangladesh. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018; 65(2):182-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12401
References
Veenhoven R. Is happiness relative? Soc Indic Res. 1991;24:1–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292648
Caycho-Rodríguez T, Ventura-León J, Azabache-Alvarado K, Reyes-Bossio M, Cabrera-Orosco I. Validez e invariancia factorial del Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI) en universitarios peruanos. Rev Cienc Salud. 2020;18(3):1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.9797
Diener E, Oishi S, Tay L. Advances in subjective well-being research. Nat Hum Behav. 2018;2(4):253-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
George LK. Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. J. Gerontol. 2010;65B(3):331-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq006
Ryff CD. Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83:10-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
Adejumo OA, Iyawe IO, Akinbodewa AA, Abolarin OS, Alli EO. Burden, psychological well-being and quality of life of caregivers of end stage renal disease patients. Ghana Med. J. 2019;53(3):190–6.
Chaparro-Díaz L, Barrera-Ortiz L, Vargas-Rosero E, Carreño-Moreno SP. Mujeres cuidadoras familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Colombia. Rev. cienc. cuidad. 2016;13(1):72-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.736
Martínez Rodríguez L, Grau Valdés Y, Rodríguez Umpierre R. Estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Enferm Nefrol. 2017;20(2):139-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S2254-288420170000200007
Hawamdeh S, Almari AM, Almutairi AS, Dator W. Determinants and prevalence of depression in patients with chronic renal disease, and their caregivers. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017;10:183-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S139652
Martínez-Rojas SM. Experiencia del cuidador entrenado en diálisis peritoneal durante la hospitalización del enfermo renal crónico. Enferm Nefrol. 2020;23(4):345-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37551/S2254-28842020035
Mukhtar S. Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):512–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925835
Hassanein M, Radhakrishnan Y, Sedor J, Vachharajani T, Vachharajani VT, Augustine J, et al. COVID-19 and the kidney. Clevel. Clin. J. Med. 2020;87(10):619–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.20072
Martínez-Rojas MA, Vega-Vega O, Bobadilla NA. Is the kidney a target of SARS-CoV-2?. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2020; 318(6):1454–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00160.2020
Rafati F, Mashayekhi F,Dastyar N. Caregiver Burden and Spiritual Well-being in Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients. J Relig. Health. 2020;59:3084–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00939-y
Jafari H, Ebrahimi A, Aghaei A. Khatony A. The relationship between care burden and quality of life in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-1120-1
Shakya D, Tuladhar J, Poudel S. Burden and Depression among Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients. Palliat Med Care. 2017;4(1):1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15226/2374-8362/4/1/00131
Badia X, Gutiérrez F, Wiklund I. Alonso J. Validity and reliability of the Spanish Version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index. Qual Life Res.1996.5:101–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00435974
Gaviria Gómez AM, Amaya M. Estilos de vida, bienestar psicológico y sentido de coherencia en los estudiantes adultos de la universidad de San Buenaventura. AGO.USB. 2007;7(2):285-304.
Adejumo OA, Iyawe IO, Akinbodewa AA, Abolarin OS, Alli EO. Burden, psychological well-being and quality of life of caregivers of end stage renal disease patients. Ghana Med. J. 2019;53(3):190–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v53i3.2
Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2020; 33(3): e100259.
Si MY, Su XY, Jiang Y, Wang WJ, Gu XF, Ma L, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical care workers in China. Infect. Dis. Poverty. 2020;9:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00724-0
Tan B, Chew N, Lee G, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo L, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in Singapore. Ann. Intern. Med. 2020;173(4): 317–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1083
Wayessa ZJ, Melesse GT, Amaje Hadona E, Wako WG. Prevalence of depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia. SAGE open medicine. SAGE Open Medicine. 2021;9:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211032810
Ali S, Maguire S, Marks E, Doyle M, Sheehy C. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers at acute hospital settings in the South-East of Ireland: an observational cohort multicentre study 2020. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12): e042930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042930
Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. General psychiatry. 2020;33(3): e100259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259
Wańkowicz P, Szylińska A, Rotter I. Assessment of Mental Health Factors among Health Professionals Depending on Their Contact with COVID-19 Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165849
Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematic review. Med Clin. 2021;156(9):449–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.11.003
Yu J, Song Y, Dong H., Su X, Zhang P. Factors associated with the general well-being of nurses in a tertiary Chinese hospital: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2020; 28(3):540–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12954
Y Kowitlawkul, SF Yap, S Makabe, S Chan, FAAN, J Takagai, et al. Investigating nurses’ quality of life and work-life balance statuses in Singapore. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018;66(1): 61-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12457
N Akter, T Akkadechanunt, R Chontawan, A Klunklin. Factors predicting quality of work life among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals, Bangladesh. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018; 65(2):182-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12401