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Abstract
Introduction: Insufficiently controlled symptoms could be a determining factor or aggravation of suffering in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, research about this topic is not enough.
Objectives: This study aims to describe suffering according to severity of symptoms in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease undergoing hemodialysis.
Materials and Method: The study is transversal, descriptive and observational with some tasks of correlation in a sample of 31 patients. The assessment tools were; the interview, the instrument to detect wellbeing/disturbance proposed by Bayés and collaborators and a series of subscales of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale/ESAS to identify the intensity and frequency of symptoms that could be associated to suffering.
Results: 87.1 % of the sample showed a low presence of symptoms with severe intensity associated to suffering in the last 24 hours, 77.4% showed low presence in the last week and 61.3 % showed a low presence in a period of one month. No significant association was found between the presence of symptoms with severe intensity associated to suffering in 24 hours.
Conclusions: The majority of subjects were characterized by low presence of symptoms with severe intensity associated to that suffering. The magnitude of a set of symptoms did not result in an important factor associated to the suffering in these patients.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Claudia Ramírez Rodríguez, Yadira Grau Valdes, Jorge Á Grau-Abalo (Autor/a)
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References
- OMS/Organización Mundial de la Salud. Prevención y control de las enfermedades no transmisibles: aplicación de la estrategia mundial. Resolución de la 122 Reunión del Consejo Ejecutivo de la OMS, enero 2008.
- Grau Valdés Y, Rodríguez Umpierre R, Martínez Rodríguez L. Sentido personal del rol y estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology INFAD. 2019;1:269–82.
- Grau J, Rodríguez C, Chacón M. A avaliação do sofrimento no fim da vida: uma revisão da perspectiva do psicodiagnóstico. En: VA Angerami (comp) Atuação do psicólogo no contexto da saúde. Belo Horizonte: Artesa Editora. 2019;453-80.
- Grau J. Vivir con una enfermedad crónica. Guadalajara: UNIDAPSA. 2017.
- Cassell EJ. Recognizing suffering. Hastings Cent Rep. 1999;21:24-8.
- Chapman CR, Gravin J. Suffering: the contributions of persistent pain. Lancet. 1999;353:2233-7.
- Fordyce WE. Pain and suffering: what is the unit? Quality of Life Research. 1994;3(1):551-6.
- Loeser JD, Melzack R. Pain: an overview. Lancet. 1999;353:1607-9.
- Gómez Sancho M, Grau J. Dolor y sufrimiento al final de la vida. Madrid: Arán, 2006.
- Krikorian A, Limonero JT, Maté J. Suffering and distress and the end of life. Psychooncology. 2012;21(8):799-808.
- Bayés R. Psicología del sufrimiento y de la muerte. Barcelona: Martínez Roca, 2001.
- Chambers EJ, Germain M, Brown E. Supportive care for the renal patient. Oxford University Press, 2004.
- Axelsson L, Randers I, Jacobson S, Klang B. Living with hemodialysis when nearing end of life. Scandinavian Journal of caring sciences 2012;26(1),45-52.
- Rodríguez C. Necesidades espirituales en pacientes que se hemodializan en el Hospital “Salvador Allende”. Tesina del Diplomado Nacional en Cuidados Paliativos, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, 2014.
- Gutiérrez D, Leiva JP, Sánchez R, Gómez R. Prevalencia y evaluación de síntomas en enfermedad renal crónica avanzada. Enferm Nefrol 2015,18(3):228-36.
- Davison SN, Levin A, Moss AH, Brown EA, Brennan F, et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO Controversies Conference on Supportive Care in Chronic Kidney Disease: Developing a roadmap to improving quality care. Kidney Int 2015;88(3):447–59.
- Ortega E, Sánchez C, Serrano R, Lamana A, Santos B, Sanz M, Saharaui Y, Sánchez, J.A. Prevalencia de síntomas en enfermedad renal crónica avanzada. Nefrología 2018;38(5):558-72.
- Lanatta V, Quiñones C, Paredes JL, Sarabia S, León C. Alta frecuencia de sintomatología depresiva en cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos en diálisis peritoneal y hemodiálisis en un hospital público de Lima. Rev Neuropsiquiatr 2019;82(3):202-20.
- Hernández-Zambrano SM, Torres ML, Barrero SS, Saldaña IJ, Sotelo KD, Carrillo AJ, Rodríguez KA. Necesidades de cuidado paliativo en hemodiálisis percibidas por pacientes, cuidadores principales informales y profesionales de enfermería. Enferm Nefrol 2019;22(2):141-9.
- Solano JP, Gomes B, Higginson IJ. A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease. Journal of pain and symptom management 2006;31(1):58–69.
- Janssen DJA, Spruit MA, Wouters EFM, Schols JMGA. Daily symptom burden in end-stage chronic organ failure: a systematic review. Palliat Med 2008;22(8):938-48.
- Murtagh FEM, Addington-Hall J, Higginson IJ. The prevalence of symptoms in end- stage renal disease: a systematic review. Advances in chronic kidney disease 2007;14(1):82-99.
- O’Connor NR, Kumar P. Conservative management of end-stage renal disease without dialysis: a systematic review. J Palliat Med 2012;15(2):228-35.
- Almutary H, Douglas C, Bonner A. Multidimensional symptom clusters: an exploratory factor analysis in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Adv Nurs 2016;72(10):2389-400.
- Gutiérrez D, Leiva-Santos JP, Macías MJ, Cuesta AI. Perfil sintomático de los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica Estadio 4 y 5. Enferm Nefrol 2017;20(3):259-66.
- Kiecolt JK, McGuire L, Robles TF, Glaser R. Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: new perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annu Rev Psychol 2002;53:83-107.
- Kimmel PL, Patel SS. Quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: focus on end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Semin Nephrol 2006, 26(1) 68-79.
References
OMS/Organización Mundial de la Salud. Prevención y control de las enfermedades no transmisibles: aplicación de la estrategia mundial. Resolución de la 122 Reunión del Consejo Ejecutivo de la OMS, enero 2008.
Grau Valdés Y, Rodríguez Umpierre R, Martínez Rodríguez L. Sentido personal del rol y estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology INFAD. 2019;1:269–82.
Grau J, Rodríguez C, Chacón M. A avaliação do sofrimento no fim da vida: uma revisão da perspectiva do psicodiagnóstico. En: VA Angerami (comp) Atuação do psicólogo no contexto da saúde. Belo Horizonte: Artesa Editora. 2019;453-80.
Grau J. Vivir con una enfermedad crónica. Guadalajara: UNIDAPSA. 2017.
Cassell EJ. Recognizing suffering. Hastings Cent Rep. 1999;21:24-8.
Chapman CR, Gravin J. Suffering: the contributions of persistent pain. Lancet. 1999;353:2233-7.
Fordyce WE. Pain and suffering: what is the unit? Quality of Life Research. 1994;3(1):551-6.
Loeser JD, Melzack R. Pain: an overview. Lancet. 1999;353:1607-9.
Gómez Sancho M, Grau J. Dolor y sufrimiento al final de la vida. Madrid: Arán, 2006.
Krikorian A, Limonero JT, Maté J. Suffering and distress and the end of life. Psychooncology. 2012;21(8):799-808.
Bayés R. Psicología del sufrimiento y de la muerte. Barcelona: Martínez Roca, 2001.
Chambers EJ, Germain M, Brown E. Supportive care for the renal patient. Oxford University Press, 2004.
Axelsson L, Randers I, Jacobson S, Klang B. Living with hemodialysis when nearing end of life. Scandinavian Journal of caring sciences 2012;26(1),45-52.
Rodríguez C. Necesidades espirituales en pacientes que se hemodializan en el Hospital “Salvador Allende”. Tesina del Diplomado Nacional en Cuidados Paliativos, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, 2014.
Gutiérrez D, Leiva JP, Sánchez R, Gómez R. Prevalencia y evaluación de síntomas en enfermedad renal crónica avanzada. Enferm Nefrol 2015,18(3):228-36.
Davison SN, Levin A, Moss AH, Brown EA, Brennan F, et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO Controversies Conference on Supportive Care in Chronic Kidney Disease: Developing a roadmap to improving quality care. Kidney Int 2015;88(3):447–59.
Ortega E, Sánchez C, Serrano R, Lamana A, Santos B, Sanz M, Saharaui Y, Sánchez, J.A. Prevalencia de síntomas en enfermedad renal crónica avanzada. Nefrología 2018;38(5):558-72.
Lanatta V, Quiñones C, Paredes JL, Sarabia S, León C. Alta frecuencia de sintomatología depresiva en cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos en diálisis peritoneal y hemodiálisis en un hospital público de Lima. Rev Neuropsiquiatr 2019;82(3):202-20.
Hernández-Zambrano SM, Torres ML, Barrero SS, Saldaña IJ, Sotelo KD, Carrillo AJ, Rodríguez KA. Necesidades de cuidado paliativo en hemodiálisis percibidas por pacientes, cuidadores principales informales y profesionales de enfermería. Enferm Nefrol 2019;22(2):141-9.
Solano JP, Gomes B, Higginson IJ. A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease. Journal of pain and symptom management 2006;31(1):58–69.
Janssen DJA, Spruit MA, Wouters EFM, Schols JMGA. Daily symptom burden in end-stage chronic organ failure: a systematic review. Palliat Med 2008;22(8):938-48.
Murtagh FEM, Addington-Hall J, Higginson IJ. The prevalence of symptoms in end- stage renal disease: a systematic review. Advances in chronic kidney disease 2007;14(1):82-99.
O’Connor NR, Kumar P. Conservative management of end-stage renal disease without dialysis: a systematic review. J Palliat Med 2012;15(2):228-35.
Almutary H, Douglas C, Bonner A. Multidimensional symptom clusters: an exploratory factor analysis in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Adv Nurs 2016;72(10):2389-400.
Gutiérrez D, Leiva-Santos JP, Macías MJ, Cuesta AI. Perfil sintomático de los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica Estadio 4 y 5. Enferm Nefrol 2017;20(3):259-66.
Kiecolt JK, McGuire L, Robles TF, Glaser R. Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: new perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annu Rev Psychol 2002;53:83-107.
Kimmel PL, Patel SS. Quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: focus on end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Semin Nephrol 2006, 26(1) 68-79.