Factores asociados a calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes trasplantados de riñón

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney Transplantation is the renal replacement therapy that provides greater benefits to patients with chronic renal failure in the end stage. Even so, the patient has received a kidney transplant, it remains a chronic sick that has not solved their health problems and whose quality of life is associated with different factors that can influence it.
Objective: Knowing the bibliographic production on HRQOL TR patient.
Methods: A search was conducted in the databases of de Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scielo and Scopus. Scientific articles written in English and Spanish were included. Later articles dealing with the quality of life in renal transplant patients were analyzed, excluding those items which do not have or do not show sufficient results data and those that were intended to study pediatric patients.
Results: It has included in this review 42 articles published between 2000 and 2015. Most of the studies are observational and descriptive transversal and the Short Form-36 Health Survey is the instrument used. The variables studied were gender, age, marital status, education level, biochemical data, employment, income, immunosuppressive therapy, psychological problems, principal diagnosis, time post KT, time on dialysis, transplant alive vs dead and comorbidities. The data have shown significant correlation on HRQOL were gender, marital status, income, educational level, biochemical data, treatment, time on dialysis and comorbidities.
Conclusions: In view of these results we can say that the factors that influence positively on HRQOL include male gender, being married or having a partner, highly educated, high levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, and kidney transplant from a living donor. The KT has better HRQL than patients on HD and PD, but worse than that of the general population. These results are independent of the instrument used to measure the quality of life related to health.