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Abstract
Acute renal failure is one of the pathologies with which medical knowledge has advanced the most, yet treatment or prognosis has been less modified. With an annual growth rate of 25%, kidney failure affects more than thirteen million people worldwide every year. When it occurs in a patient who is otherwise hospitalized, it increases the average length of stay by almost four days. Mortality from acute renal failure is higher than the combined mortality from breast cancer, prostate cancer, heart failure and diabetes. Several factors may be contributing to this global epidemic which affects first world countries as much as underdeveloped countries, although from different causes. - The ageing of the population. - The emergence of more aggressive and resistant germs requiring more nephrotoxic treatments. - The increase in fragility in patients selected for increasingly demanding surgical, oncological and antibiotic treatments. - The increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases with a progressively higher cardiovascular risk proportional to the level of inflammation.
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References
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- Chevalier RL. The proximal tubule is the primary target of injury and progression of kidney disease: role of the glomerulotubular junction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Jul 1;311(1):F145-61. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2016. Epub 2016 May 18. PMID: 27194714; PMCID: PMC4967168.
- Basile DP, Anderson MD, Sutton TA. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1303-53. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110041. PMID: 23798302; PMCID: PMC3919808.
- Tejedor A.: Alteraciones celulares en el Fracaso Renal Agudo. En: Fracaso Renal Agudo. Ed. F. Liaño. Ed Masson, Madrid, 2000. 17-44.
- Okusa MD, Chertow GM, Portilla D; Acute Kidney Injury Advisory Group of the American Society of Nephrology. The nexus of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and World Kidney Day 2009. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;4(3):520-2. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06711208. Epub 2009 Feb 18. PMID: 19225036; PMCID: PMC4571532.
- Ortiz A, Tejedor A, Caramelo C. Nephrotoxicity. En: Drug-Induced Mitocondrial Disfunction. Editado por JA Dykens e Yvonne Will. Ed. Wiley. Hoboken, New Jersey. 2008. p. 291-310.
- Ortiz A, Tejedor A, Rodríguez Pujol D.: Fisiopatología del Fracaso renal agudo. En: Nefrología Clínica. Ed. Hernando Avendaño L. 3ª ed. Medical Panamericana. Madrid 2009. 739-47.
- Humanes B, Jado JC, Camaño S, López-Parra V, Torres AM, Álvarez-Sala LA, Cercenado E, Tejedor A, Lázaro A. Protective Effects of Cilastatin against Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:704382.
- Humanes B, Camaño S, Lara JM, Sabbisetti V,González-Nicolás MA Bonventre JV, Tejedor A, Lázaro A. “Cisplatin-induced renal inflammation is ameliorated by cilastatin nephroprotection”. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Mar 11. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx005.
References
Bernadette Thomas, Kunihiro Matsushita, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, et al, on behalf of the Global Burden of Disease 2013 GFR Collaborators, CKD Prognosis Consortium, Global Burden of Disease Genitourinary Expert Group. Global Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Reduced GFR. JASN Jul 2017, 28 (7) 2167-2179; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2016050562.
Valerie A Luyckx a, Marcello Tonelli b & John W Stanifer. The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2018;96:414-422D. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.17.206441.
Chevalier RL. The proximal tubule is the primary target of injury and progression of kidney disease: role of the glomerulotubular junction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Jul 1;311(1):F145-61. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2016. Epub 2016 May 18. PMID: 27194714; PMCID: PMC4967168.
Basile DP, Anderson MD, Sutton TA. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1303-53. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110041. PMID: 23798302; PMCID: PMC3919808.
Tejedor A.: Alteraciones celulares en el Fracaso Renal Agudo. En: Fracaso Renal Agudo. Ed. F. Liaño. Ed Masson, Madrid, 2000. 17-44.
Okusa MD, Chertow GM, Portilla D; Acute Kidney Injury Advisory Group of the American Society of Nephrology. The nexus of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and World Kidney Day 2009. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;4(3):520-2. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06711208. Epub 2009 Feb 18. PMID: 19225036; PMCID: PMC4571532.
Ortiz A, Tejedor A, Caramelo C. Nephrotoxicity. En: Drug-Induced Mitocondrial Disfunction. Editado por JA Dykens e Yvonne Will. Ed. Wiley. Hoboken, New Jersey. 2008. p. 291-310.
Ortiz A, Tejedor A, Rodríguez Pujol D.: Fisiopatología del Fracaso renal agudo. En: Nefrología Clínica. Ed. Hernando Avendaño L. 3ª ed. Medical Panamericana. Madrid 2009. 739-47.
Humanes B, Jado JC, Camaño S, López-Parra V, Torres AM, Álvarez-Sala LA, Cercenado E, Tejedor A, Lázaro A. Protective Effects of Cilastatin against Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:704382.
Humanes B, Camaño S, Lara JM, Sabbisetti V,González-Nicolás MA Bonventre JV, Tejedor A, Lázaro A. “Cisplatin-induced renal inflammation is ameliorated by cilastatin nephroprotection”. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Mar 11. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx005.